If you’re an entrepreneur looking to start a business in Jaipur, Rajasthan of your own or to seek finances for your venture, you may probably be worried about the accounting& book-keeping involved in the process. However, it is not as hard as you might feel. You will be needed to familiarize yourself with certain important concepts, and one item you will need to familiarize yourself with is a profit and loss (or P & L) statement.
Among the variety of financial statements and accounting records, the profit and loss statement is often the most overlooked one despite its vital significance. It is one of the key statements that records and summarizes the position of revenues & expenses incurred by a business in a given period. It shows the overall profitability of your business for the specific period over a period (monthly, quarterly, and yearly), however, should be preferred to be prepared at least every quarter and annually.
Regardless of the size of the business, a P & L statement states the expenses that have emerged during the period and the gains earned by the start-up business. Typically, a P & L statement reports information related to-
- Revenues for the accounting period (monthly, quarterly, or yearly)
- Expenses incurred by the business to generate profits
- Taxes paid and depreciation
- Earnings per share number
Therefore, a profit & loss statement goes by various names such as-
- Income statement,
- Income and expense statement,
- Statement of financial results
- Statement of Operations, and
- Statement of Earnings.
Regardless of the level of operations or profitability of a business, every start-up must keep a track of all its financial progress by reviewing and reflecting on the profit and loss statements prepared and presented to the internal management from time to time, which will allow them to determine whether the business is profitable and growing, or it’s running on losses and needs some corrective actions.
It is important to understand that, only a great idea and an endless drive do not make a start-up successful, especially where start-up entrepreneurs tend to ignore the mundane accounting tasks. These statements should be among the first files to be generated along with a budget and a costs worksheet. While some P&L statements are simpler and easier to understand, others may get extremely complex.
All about Profit & Loss account for Startups in Rajasthan
Located in Northern India, Rajasthan is called the ‘Land of Kings’ because of the royal and valorous history of the state. It is the largest state in India in terms of area and the 7th largest state in terms of population. The state shares an international border with Pakistan and national borders with Haryana, Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, and Gujarat. Officially the state was formed on 30 March 1949 after the merge of Rajputana (a name given by the British Raj) into the Dominion of India. The Thar desert, also known as the Great Indian Desert, is also in Rajasthan. Jaipur, the capital of Rajasthan, is also the largest city in Rajasthan. The state stands 29th on the State Human Development Index, and it has the seventh-largest state economy in India. The major religious group in Rajasthan are Hindus, followed by Muslims, Sikhs, and Jains.
The economy of the state is primarily dependent on agriculture and pastors. The state is the largest edible oil producer and the second-largest oil seed producer in India. The states suffer from water scarcity, and irrigation is done from wells and tanks. Rajasthan is the highest wool and opium-producing state in India. After agriculture industries are the other source of economic development in Rajasthan, it is the second-largest polyester fiber and cement producer in India. Besides this, Rajasthan has various chemical and engineering companies located in Kota. The marble used in manufacturing the Taj Mahal was also mined from Rajasthan.
Capital- Jaipur
The startup ecosystem in Rajasthan
Rajasthan is entitled as the leader in the state’s startup ranking 2019. Rajasthan has successfully attracted investment in diverse sectors such as Auto and Engineering, tourism, Electronic System Design and Manufacturing (ESDM), renewable energy, mines, and minerals. Through policy incentives and a skilled workforce, the sectors like Information Technology (IT) and Information Technology Enabled Services (ITES) have gained momentum in the state, thus building a strong startup ecosystem. To ignite the entrepreneurship spirit in the people of Rajasthan, the state government outlined its startup policy in 2015. The name of the state’s startup policy is ‘Rajasthan Startup Policy 2015,’ and it aims to convert ideas into potential businesses and promote entrepreneurship spirit in people. The state government has smartly analyzed state-level challenges and tried to help startups build low-cost, indigenous, and technology-enabled solutions to those challenges. The main objectives of Rajasthan startup policy 2015 are as follows: –
The Rajasthan government aims to establish 15 incubators or incubator-like organizations through the policy.
The policy outlines to develop and facilitates 100,000 square feet of incubation space to build a robust startup ecosystem.
The Rajasthan Government targets to support and incubate 500 innovative startups through the policy.
The Rajasthan government is mobilizing angel and venture capital of 500 crores for startups to ensure a supportive startup ecosystem.
And lastly, through the policy, the state government is trying to develop an innovation and problem-solving culture in the state to overcome the regional challenges.
Top startup ideas in Rajasthan
Rajasthani ethnic wear
Rajasthan is full of color and culture. Fabrics like Leheriya, Bandhini, BarmeriBagru, Sanganeri, and Kota Doria are famous worldwide. You can set up an online Rajasthani fabric boutique with the help of local women. With the online Rajasthani fabric boutique business, you will be able to sell products all around the world. This low-investment business needs patience and effort at the initial stage.
Blue pottery business
One of the oldest recognized souvenirs from Rajasthan is blue pottery. These beautiful potteries are designed with the help of cobalt blue dyes with a local blend of Multani mitti powder, glass, and quartz stone. You can make bowls, plates, coasters, trinkets, flower pots, and vases and sell them online. You can have local, national, and international customers by setting up an online blue pottery business. A blue pottery business store is a low-investment, high-profit idea that you can start with the help of local artisans.
Rajasthani ethnic jewelry business
The jewelry of Rajasthan is as unique as its clothes and climate. The jewelry of Rajasthan has an intricate and renowned level of detail and exquisiteness that attract a lot of foreigners and local tourist. The traditional jewelry of Rajasthan is unique and explicit, so setting up an ethnic jewelry store in Rajasthan is a profit-yielding business that requires considerable investment. With the help of local artisans, you can set up an ethnic jewelry store in Rajasthan; besides, you can make your business global by setting up an online store.
Traditional spice business
The Rajasthani cuisines are so delicious because of the Rajasthani spices. You can set up a Rajasthani spice business with hand-blended spice mixes and other local spices of Rajasthan. For establishing an online Rajasthani spice store business, you need to have a good knowledge and taste of Rajasthani spices.
Rajasthani art gallery
The art of Rajasthan is unique and well known for its jewels, fabrics, and handicrafts. You can establish a local art gallery in Rajasthan to attract tourists. In your art gallery, you can showcase local artists’ art, so you need to partner with the talented local artist of Rajasthan. In a local art gallery business, you can make a profit in two ways, first by selling tickets and second by earning a commission on every sale that you make. The primary requirement of opening a local art gallery is a good network of local artists and a considerable amount of investment. If you have a good investment, you can also use the space to host workshops and exhibition handicraft fares two generate side revenue and make more income.
Balance Sheet vs. Profit And Loss Statement in Jaipur, Rajasthan
Points of Difference in Jaipur, Rajasthan | Balance sheet in Jaipur, Rajasthan | Income statement in Jaipur, Rajasthan |
i. Time | A balance sheet provides a clear summary of the financial soundness of a business enterprise at any specific point in time. | The income statement provides a summary of the financial performance of the company over a given period. |
ii. Key items | Assets & liabilities and shareholder’s equity, debts, etc. are further categorized under a balance sheet to provide and thorough information. | An income statement provides information related to gains & losses, expenses, and revenues etc. realized from the purchase or sale of any assets.
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iii. Financial analysis | It helps a business to
Measure its financial position using various ratios such as current ratio, debt-to-equity ratio, and return on shareholder’s equity. |
It uses various ratios such as
gross margins, operating margins, price-to-earnings, and interest coverage to provide a clear picture of the financial performance of the start-up. |
iv. Usage | Investors and Lenders use a balance sheet to determine the soundness and availability of assets for collateral. | Internal management, shareholders, investors, etc. use it to assess the performance and prospects of a business. |
Types of Profit and Loss (P&L) Statements in Jaipur, Rajasthan
There are two methods of preparing a Profit & Loss Statement in Jaipur, Rajasthan -cash and the accrual method. Each of whom has been described below-
I. Cash Method– The cash method, which is also known as the cash accounting method, is used in cases where only cash goes in and out of the business and only accounts for cash received or paid. A business using the cash method records transactions as revenue whenever cash is received and as liabilities whenever cash is used to pay any bills or liabilities. This method is simple to use and usually relevant for smaller businesses.
II. Accrual Method– The accrual accounting method is commonly used by start-ups and other businesses where payments made or received are not limited to cash payments only. This means that a start-up using the accrual method accounts for money that it assumes to be received in the future. For instance, a company that has delivered any product to its customer may record the transaction under revenue head but may not have received payment in actuality. Similarly, liabilities are accounted for even when the business has not paid for any expenses yet.
How to create a profit and loss statement for your start-up in Jaipur, Rajasthan?
The choice of preparing profit & loss statements is entirely dependent on the concerned start-up business and their choice. While some businesses might choose to prepare and review profit and loss statements monthly, others decide to do it quarterly and yearly. Provided below is the step-by-step process of creating a profit and loss statement for your business-
i. Calculation of Revenue in Jaipur, Rajasthan
In the first step towards the creation of a profit & loss statement, you will be required to calculate the total revenues received by the business during the year. For which, you can receive current account balances from the general business ledger such as cash and current accounts receivable balances. Be sure to include account receivables whether or not you have collected that revenue or not for that period (month) and similarly if you wish to prepare P&L for a quarter, add up the revenues for those three months.
ii. Calculate the Cost Of Goods Sold(COGS) in Jaipur, Rajasthan
The cost of goods sold forms a crucial part of any statement of profits & losses. It includes all the costs required to be incurred for producing any product. For instance, if a start-up offers fancy bags, you need to include the cost of material & supplies required to manufacture them. Similarly, if your start-up offers salon services, you will be required to include the cost of your time or your employee’s time that provided the service.
iii. Deduct COGS expenses from Revenue in Jaipur, Rajasthan
Now, once you have calculated revenues and COGS, you will need to deduct all expenditures of COGS to determine the gross profits of your business. Gross profits represent the profits earned by your business from the sale of your products or services. However, if the revenues are lesser than COGS, it means the revenues are insufficient to meet COGS expenses, and the business is running through losses.
Gross Profit/Loss= Revenues- Cost of Goods Sold (COGS)
iv. Calculate operating expenses in Jaipur, Rajasthan
The next thing required to be calculated is operating expenses. Such expenses include expenses like rent, travel, payroll, equipment, utilities, postage, etc.
v. Deduct operating expenses from gross profit in Jaipur, Rajasthan
Once you find out the value of operating expenses, now you may want to find out the value of total operating profit/loss after deducting operating expenses from the value of gross profit.
Operating Profit/Loss= Gross Profit – Operating Expenses
vi. Add additional incomes in Jaipur, Rajasthan, if any
If your start-up has gained any additional includes which have not been included in the value of revenues before, such as interest received on income or dividends received, etc. add them to the operating profit.
By doing so, you will reach the total Earnings before Interest, Taxes, Depreciation, And Amortization, or EBITDA.
EBITDA = Operating Profit + (Interest Income + Dividends Earned)
vii. Calculate interest, taxes, depreciation, and amortization in Jaipur, Rajasthan
Next, calculated any applicable payments such as interest to be paid, taxes due, and depreciation and amortization expenses.
viii. Subtract calculated expenses from EBIDTA in Jaipur, Rajasthan
In the final step, deduct expenses calculated above (interest, taxes, depreciation, and amortization expenses), where applicable and you will arrive at your net profit.
EBIDTA – (Interest + Taxes + Depreciation) expenses = Net Profit/Loss
What are the components of the P & L statement in Jaipur, Rajasthan?
Typically, a P&L statement comprises two main parts, namely-the income earned during the period of the statement and the expenses incurred during the period. These two parts of the statement are broken down into a series of entries as per the relevance of a business, some of them have been explained below-
i. Revenues or Profits in Jaipur, Rajasthan
The first component required to be reported through a profit& Loss statement includes- revenues and it includes all items of income for a business. It includes entries like sales, gross receipts, fees, or any other term used to describe the operating revenue of a start-up. Usually, operating revenue is broken out of non-operating expenses like interest incomes or dividends, etc. Again, the accounting method adopted by the start-up may affect the revenues recorded on P &L during the period. Under the cash method of accounting, revenues could be reported only when cash has been received, while under the accrual method of accounting revenue may only be reported at the time of sale itself. However, to ensure accuracy of the P&L, businesses might adjust gross sales on the experience of customer returns or refund requests by establishing an allowance and getting it against revenues.
ii. Cost of goods sold (COGS) in Jaipur, Rajasthan
Every start-up must find out the value of COGS and figure out ways to keep them minimum for higher profits. COGS or cost of goods sold is the cost of inventory or materials required to manufacture a product, which is then subtracted from the sales to find out the actual revenue (gross profit) from the sales. For example, a company incurs Rs.20 as the cost of inventory and sells it for Rs. 100 would get Rs.100 in revenue, however after taking the Rs. 20 of COGS into account, he would report Rs.80 in gross profit.
iii. Expenses for a business in Jaipur, Rajasthan
All those expenses incurred to operate a business form expenses part of a profit& loss statement. These expenses could include-
- Advertisement & promotional costs
- Employee salaries and benefits
- Interest expenses
- Office supplies & stationery
- Payments to vendors/contractors/suppliers, etc.
- Professional fees for accountants, attorneys, auditors, etc.
Accounting for certain expenses requires an understanding of the terms such as depreciation or amortization of assets of the start-up. For instance, assets such as office equipment must be capitalized as an asset and written off over the useful life of the item. For example, if it the worth Rs.1000 it would be reported over five years.
Each year the profit and loss statement reflects 20 percent on the cost of the computer or Rs.200 as expenses. Non-operating expenses, such as interest and taxes, need to be broken out separately from operating expenses for illustration.
iv. Gross profit in Jaipur, Rajasthan
The Gross Profit (GP) of a business is the value obtained after deduction of the cost of goods sold and sales returns (if any) from total sales revenue. It is located on the statement of profit and loss) prepared by a company and used to determine the percentage of the gross profit margin of an entity. Likewise, if the start-up is engaged in services without inventory, then the value of gross profit and the gross receipts will be equal.
v. Net profit or loss in Jaipur, Rajasthan
After the calculation of taxes due and subtracting them from any pre-tax income, the remaining amount will equal either the profits/losses of a start-up for the relevant period. When trying to compare businesses in different industries and tax structures, or where the exact numbers aren’t yet available, the value of net profits/losses will be equal to the earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation, and amortization.
Format of P & L in Jaipur, Rajasthan
In India, there are two formats for P&L statements in Jaipur, Rajasthan-
- The horizontal format of the P&L Account
- The vertical format of the P&L Account
The profit & loss statement of the legal entities like a company has to be prepared in accordance with the provisions of Schedule III of the Companies Act, 2013. For the complete format please click –https://www.mca.gov.in/Ministry/pdf/NotificationScheduleIII_12102018.pdf.
What are the benefits of preparing a P&L statement in Jaipur, Rajasthan?
i. Understanding the financial health of your Organization-The primary purpose of a P&L statement is to offer a clear position of the overall financial position of a start-up. It also helps a company’s management to understand the business’s net income, study expenses, and take corrective actions to reduce losses. For example, an entrepreneur may want to know whether his business has enough profits to cover the cost of a new project or if he needs to borrow funds for the same.
ii. Informed Decision Making-A P&L could help the entrepreneurs and business owners to make critical business decisions such as whether they should make large purchases in the immediate future or put such purchases on hold until the start-up reaches a better financial position. Additionally, it can help them to track the efficiency of start-up and performance in the market against its competitors, and growth of the start-up in both the short- and long-term. Further, to represent the value of the business to investors, creditors and shareholders, tech start-ups demonstrate success through their business model, such as “acquisition of key customers, the introduction of unique products & services, technological innovations, marketing, and distribution associations, new subscriber counts, revenue per subscriber numbers, and geographical distribution of customers.
iii. Raising Finances or Seeking Loans– Similarly, when a start-up wishes to raise funds and seek investors for the purpose or where a business owner intends to sell his business, any interested party would want to know the profitability or growth prospects for a business, for which they may seek P&Ls for several years.
Similarly, when a business makes an application for a loan to any bank or financial institution, they will evaluate your net income and operating income against the expenses, debts, and taxes to ensure the viability and worth of offering financial assistance. If the net business earnings are on an upscale mode, there are chances of you getting higher funds from banks or better deals from investors.
iv. Planning & Forecasting–Another benefit of using a Profit & Loss statement is for planning and forecasting By applying your business plan to generate a predictive P&L report, add the expected revenue and expenses to compute the net earnings. If your findings are lower than expected, you can make changes in the business strategies. Similarly, the P&L so created could be used to strike a comparison with the forecasted and actual P&L.
v. Fulfill Compliances & File Taxes-If you regularly record and update your P&L statements along with the other financial statements, you will get all the information required to sort out the information to sort out your business taxes. Further, each year every company is required to file a copy of financial statements to the ROC which includes profit & loss statements within 30 days from the date of holding AGM. Therefore, recording, preparing, and updating P&L statements helps a start-up to manage accounts-related as well as tax compliances easily.
Compliances related to P & L statement in Jaipur, Rajasthan
As provided above, it shall be compulsory for every business to file a copy of financial statements (along with profit & loss statement for the year) in e-form AOC-4 for every financial year with the Registrar of Companies within 30 days of its Annual General Meeting.
However, where the company fails to file a copy of AOC-4 within the due date, the company shall be liable to a penalty of at least ten thousand rupees and in case of continuing failure, a further penalty of one hundred rupees for each day during which such failure continues, subject to a maximum of two lakh rupees.
Further, every key officer of the company (i.e. managing director, Chief Financial Officer of the company) or in the absence of the managing director and the Chief Financial Officer, any other director who is charged by the Board with the responsibility of complying with the provisions of this section, and, in the absence of any such director, all the Directors of the company, shall be liable to a penalty of ten thousand rupees and in case of continuing failure, with further penalty of one hundred rupees for each day after the first during which such failure continues, subject to a maximum of fifty thousand rupees.
Now, every company has also been put under an additional obligation to submit a copy of profit & loss accounts in standard e-form 23ACA. Along with such a form, the company will be required to submit a copy of the audited P & L statement. Further, such form has to be digitally signed by a practicing CA or CMA, or CS, certifying that the information entered in 23ACA is correct and a copy of audited P&L has been provided along with the form.
Therefore, a statement of profits & losses is one of the key financial statements that indicate the performance of an entity for a given period in a nutshell and shows the number of costs borne by the entity to earn the stated revenue over that period. It is the most sought-after statement that the higher management reflects to formulate strategies and evaluate past business performances. Further, a P&L statement supports various analyses such as ratio analysis, financial analysis, costing decisions, pricing decisions, budget controls, etc., which are then prepared out of these statements. When viewed in conjunction with other statements such as balance sheet and cash flow statement, it gives insights into the profitability of any entity.
However, to achieve proper control over the finances of your start-up in Jaipur, Rajasthan, it is necessary to maintain and your P&L periodically and help your business to run on its path to profitability & success.